Which two types of conditioning are used in the behavioural approach?

Which two types of conditioning are used in the behavioural approach?

• A. Operant and Classical
• B. Classical and Observational
• C. Operant and Observational
• D. Classical and Insight

Answer: (A)

In the behavioural approach, learning is understood through conditioning, where behaviours are shaped by associations and consequences. Classical conditioning happens when a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a reflex response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus. An example is Pavlov’s dogs learning to salivate at the sound of a bell because the bell was paired with food. Operant conditioning occurs when behaviour is learned from the consequences that follow it—reinforcement makes a behaviour more likely, while punishment makes it less likely. This is shown in Skinner’s work where rewards or punishments shape voluntary actions. These two mechanisms are the central conditioning processes studied in this approach. Observational learning involves imitation and cognitive processing, which goes beyond conditioning, and insight is associated with cognitive approaches rather than behavioural conditioning.

In the behavioural approach, learning is understood through conditioning, where behaviours are shaped by associations and consequences. Classical conditioning happens when a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a reflex response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus. An example is Pavlov’s dogs learning to salivate at the sound of a bell because the bell was paired with food. Operant conditioning occurs when behaviour is learned from the consequences that follow it—reinforcement makes a behaviour more likely, while punishment makes it less likely. This is shown in Skinner’s work where rewards or punishments shape voluntary actions. These two mechanisms are the central conditioning processes studied in this approach. Observational learning involves imitation and cognitive processing, which goes beyond conditioning, and insight is associated with cognitive approaches rather than behavioural conditioning.