Which model refers to real people such as parents, siblings, and teachers?

Which model refers to real people such as parents, siblings, and teachers?

• A. Live Models
• B. Symbolic Models
• C. Mediational Processes
• D. Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is that learning can happen by watching real people who are present in a learner’s life. When the model is someone physically present like a parent, sibling, or teacher, that’s a live model. Seeing a real person perform a behavior makes it more salient and relatable, so attention and imitation are more likely to occur. The learner can also directly observe the consequences the model experiences, which can influence whether they choose to imitate. In contrast, symbolic models are people seen in media or fiction, not physically present in the learner’s environment; mediational processes are the mental steps that occur between watching and doing (attention, retention, reproduction, motivation); and vicarious reinforcement refers to learning from observing the consequences others receive, not the type of model itself.

The key idea here is that learning can happen by watching real people who are present in a learner’s life. When the model is someone physically present like a parent, sibling, or teacher, that’s a live model. Seeing a real person perform a behavior makes it more salient and relatable, so attention and imitation are more likely to occur. The learner can also directly observe the consequences the model experiences, which can influence whether they choose to imitate.

In contrast, symbolic models are people seen in media or fiction, not physically present in the learner’s environment; mediational processes are the mental steps that occur between watching and doing (attention, retention, reproduction, motivation); and vicarious reinforcement refers to learning from observing the consequences others receive, not the type of model itself.